Can you be chubby and healthy
Can you be healthy and have obesity? Not really, says major study
With obesity affecting over a third of the population of the United States, the question of whether there is such a thing as healthy obesity is more important than ever. New research investigates whether people with obesity are still at increased risk of other diseases.
Obesity affects approximately
In 2013, the American Medical Association deemed obesity a disease. The rationale behind this was to raise awareness around the metabolic complications that often accompany obesity, as well as around the increased risk of heart disease and type 2 diabetes.
However, some
New, large-scale research, however, challenges this belief, suggesting that the healthy obese person is nothing but a myth.
The new study which is the largest to have ever investigated this matter was carried out by researchers from the University of Birmingham in the United Kingdom, and the findings were presented at the European Congress on Obesity, held in Porto, Portugal.
The researchers analyzed the medical records of 3.5 million adults living in the U.K. between 1995 and 2015 who were enrolled in the Health Improvement Network. The participants had no history of cardiovascular disease.
The team divided the population sample into several groups in relation to their BMI. They also broke down the population into subgroups according to their metabolic health that is, whether they had or did not have metabolic conditions such as diabetes, high blood pressure, or abnormally high levels of fat in their blood.
Dividing the groups according to their metabolic health resulted in four stages of metabolic abnormality. These were: 0, 1, 2, and 3.
The researchers defined healthy or level 0 on the metabolic scale as having no signs of metabolic disease, having normal blood pressure and cholesterol levels, and having no signs of diabetes. They also monitored which participants developed cardiovascular conditions.
Overall, during the follow-up period, several serious health conditions occurred. These were as follows: 61,546 cases of coronary heart disease, 54,705 cases of stroke and ministroke, 25,254 cases of heart failure, and 23,797 cases of peripheral vascular disease.
Statistically, this amounted to a much higher risk of adverse cardiovascular events among those deemed to have obesity.
Specifically, people with obesity considered to be healthy were 49 percent more likely to develop coronary heart disease, as well as 96 percent more likely to have heart failure.
Additionally, people with obesity had a 7 percent higher chance of having a stroke.
The lead author of the study, Dr. Rishi Caleyachetty, comments on the significance of the findings:
The idea of being healthily obese is a myth. Our work shows that so-called metabolically healthy obese individuals are still at higher risk of coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and heart failure than normal weight metabolically healthy individuals.The priority of health professionals regarding these patients should be to promote and facilitate weight loss, as it is with any other obese patient.
Learn why experts have defined obesity as a disease.
Is it okay to be fat if you're fit?
Research suggests that physical activity may cancel out some of the bad effects of being overweight or obese.
Humanity is getting pudgy, and worse. High-calorie diets and low-activity lifestyles have created a massive "globesity" problem. About 300 million people around the world are now obese (a body mass index [BMI] of 30 or more).
One person who saw it coming was Ancel Keys, a pioneering epidemiologist and early champion of the Mediterranean diet who died in late 2004 at age 100. A 2004 editorial in the New England Journal of Medicine opened with this 1949 quote from Keys: "While our calorie intake goes up, our output goes down. The wonderful advances of technology not merely free us from back-breaking toil; they make it almost impossible to get a decent amount of calorie-using exercise."
The typical response to gaining pounds is to try to lose them, usually by dieting. But what if we were to accept some tubbiness as a consequence of our cushy 21st-century lifestyles and instead figure out ways to offset its bad effects? Several studies have suggested that exercise might be just the thing.
Heavy but healthy
Physical activity "cools off" inflammatory processes and helps our bodies keep insulin and blood sugar at healthy levels. Extra weight, especially when it's concentrated in a pot belly, stirs up inflammatory processes and disrupts blood sugar regulation. So it makes sense that exercise might significantly blunt obesity's ill effects even if it doesn't cause weight loss.
Moreover, research shows that it's possible to be heavy and fit, cardiovascularly speaking. In various studies, a sizable percentage of people who are overweight particularly in the moderate range (a BMI between 25 and 30) do well on treadmill tests and are fairly physically active, judging by their answers to questionnaires.
The studies seesaw
The first major fatness versus fitness study was conducted by researchers at the Cooper Institute, a nonprofit organization in Dallas that promotes fitness. In a study of 22,000 men, ages 3083, the researchers measured subjects' body composition (the proportion of fat to muscle) and put them through treadmill tests. During eight years of follow-up, 428 of the men died. Men who were overweight but fit (as measured by a treadmill test) were two times less likely to have died than men who were lean but not fit. Moreover, the all-cause mortality rate of fit, overweight men wasn't significantly different from that of the fit, lean men. Their heretical conclusion: If you're fit, being overweight doesn't increase mortality risk.
A study in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) in September 2004 came to a similar conclusion. For almost four years, the researchers tracked heart attacks and other "cardiovascular events" among 900 American women who had had a coronary angiogram. They found that lack of physical activity, as calculated from answers to standard questionnaires, was a better predictor of an adverse event than weight.
A few months after the JAMA study, Harvard researchers including Health Letter board members Drs. Walter Willett and JoAnn Manson weighed in with a study of their own. Writing in the New England Journal of Medicine, they analyzed weight, physical activity, and mortality data culled from the Nurses' Health Study over a 20-year period.
Both sides in the fitness vs. fatness debate could take some comfort in the results. Physical activity lowered the death rate across all weight categories lean (BMI under 25), overweight (BMI 2529.9), and obese (BMI 30 or over). And nurses in the mid-range overweight category who were physically active (as little as one hour a week counted) had a lower risk of death than lean nurses who were inactive (exercising less than an hour per week). Being a little active and a little fat wasn't such a bad combination.
But physical activity didn't completely eliminate the risks that attended being overweight or obese. In fact, when the nurses were grouped by how active they were, the heavier nurses were more likely to have died than the lighter ones at every activity level.
Here's the real bad news: Even putting on a medium amount of weight (920 pounds) during adulthood was associated with a higher risk of death.
The battle of the bulge: A two-front war
Despite the differences in these studies, they all suggest that physical activity will offset some of the effects of excess weight, if it's just a few extra pounds. So apart from any weight-loss goals you've set for yourself, it's important to exercise regularly. Yet exercise isn't going to magically erase all the health risks of being heavy. If you are lean, it's worth the effort to stay that way. And if you're heavy, it's a good idea to hop on the scale and, yes, try to lose some of that weight, particularly around the waist.
Ancel Keys recognized over 50 years ago that the modern waistline will expand because of our sedentary lives. Besides, as a JAMA editorial pointed out, there really isn't much choice between losing weight and exercise. Exercise is really the only way to improve fitness. But it's also an essential feature of successful weight-loss programs. If you want to lose weight and keep it off, you have to exercise anyway.
Can you be obese but still be healthy?
In medical speak we talk, not about being fat, but about overweight or obese. We define being overweight as having a Body Mass Index (BMI) over 25, and obesity as having a BMI over 30. Obesity is usually subdivided into Class 1 obesity (BMI 30-35), Class 2 obesity (BMI 35-40), and Class 3 obesity (BMI greater than 40). Class 3 obesity is usually labeled as severe obesity, and is sometimes unfortunately referred to by the public as morbid obesity.
You can calculate your BMI by dividing your weight in kilograms, by your height in meters, and then dividing by your height again. To put it another way for those who prefer pounds and inches, someone 59 would be considered overweight if they weighed more than 170lbs, and obese if they weighed more than 203lbs. This theoretical person would be categorized as having severe obesity if they weighed more than 270 pounds.
However obesity is not synonymous with ill health. It is clear that obesity increases the risk of developing insulin resistance, which leads to diabetes, and atherosclerosis. However, someone with obesity need not necessarily develop these problems. In fact, these people are generally termed the metabolically healthy obese.
However, that term may be misleading because, while people may be healthy today, they may not be healthy tomorrow. In a 2017 study published the Journal of the American College of Cardiology, researchers examined electronic health records of 3.5 million people and categorized them according to their body mass index and according to whether or not they had diabetes, high blood pressure or high cholesterol. They were able to compare obese and non-obese patients that were metabolically healthy, i.e. free of these 3 risk factors. In this database, about 15% or slightly over half a million people were categorized as being obese and metabolically healthy.
Over the course of 5 years, obese individuals with none of the 3 risk factors were 49% more likely to develop heart disease, 7% more likely to have a stroke, and 96% more likely to develop heart failure. In absolute terms the increase in heart disease was about 1 extra case per 1000 individuals, which seems small but is important when you apply it to the population as a whole.
In this study, obesity did increase the risk of heart disease long term. However, it is also important to note that the standard risk factors (diabetes, hypertension, and cholesterol) carried a much heavier disease burden. Having one, two, or all three of those diseases increased the number of cardiac events by 5 cases per thousand, 7 cases per thousand, and 10 cases per thousand.
So the answer to the question is essentially yes, people with obesity can still be healthy. However, what this study, and prior research, shows us is that obesity even on its own carries a certain cardiovascular risk even in metabolically healthy individuals. It does however carry less risk than the traditional risk factors of diabetes, high blood pressure and cholesterol. So perhaps the real answer to the question is not whether someone is healthy now, but whether those with obesity will face more health problems down the road. The answer to that question is certainly yes.
@drlabos
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Chubby Frog Care: How To Maintain A Happy And Healthy Frog
If you're a frog lover and you're looking to add a new member to your amphibian family, then you've come to the right place! In this article, we'll dive into the world of chubby frog care and learn how to maintain a happy and healthy frog. These adorable little creatures are known for their round bodies and friendly personalities, making them a popular choice among frog enthusiasts. So, grab your lily pads and get ready to embark on this exciting journey of frog ownership!
When it comes to chubby frog care, there are a few key factors to consider in order to ensure the well-being of your amphibian friend. From creating the perfect habitat to providing a balanced diet, we'll cover all the essentials to help you become the best frog parent you can be. Whether you're a beginner or an experienced frog keeper, this article will provide you with valuable insights and tips to keep your chubby frog happy and healthy. So, let's jump right in and discover the wonderful world of chubby frog care!
Chubby Frog Care: Maintaining the health and happiness of your pet frog is essential. Here's how you can ensure your chubby frog stays in top form:
- Provide a suitable habitat: Set up a spacious tank with proper ventilation, temperature, and humidity levels.
- Feed a balanced diet: Offer a variety of live insects, such as crickets and mealworms, along with occasional fruits and vegetables.
- Maintain clean water: Regularly change the water in the frog's tank and ensure it is chlorine-free.
- Handle with care: Avoid excessive handling and always wash your hands before and after interacting with your chubby frog.
- Regular veterinary check-ups: Schedule visits to an exotic pet veterinarian to monitor your frog's health and address any concerns.
Chubby Frog Care: How to Maintain a Happy and Healthy Frog
Chubby frogs, also known as Asian painted frogs, are fascinating pets that require proper care to ensure their happiness and health. In this article, we will discuss essential tips and guidelines for maintaining a happy and healthy chubby frog. By following these recommendations, you can create an optimal environment for your frog and provide the care it needs to thrive.
The Chubby Frog Habitat: Creating a Comfortable Home
Creating a suitable habitat is crucial for the overall well-being of your chubby frog. The first step is to set up an appropriately sized enclosure. A 10-gallon tank is suitable for a single chubby frog, but if you have multiple frogs, you will need a larger tank. Ensure that the tank has a secure lid to prevent any escapes.
To mimic their natural environment, provide a substrate that retains moisture, such as coconut fiber or sphagnum moss. This will help maintain the proper humidity levels. Additionally, include hiding spots like caves or cork bark to give your frog a sense of security. Live plants can also be added to the enclosure to create a more natural and aesthetically pleasing habitat.
Temperature and Lighting: Providing the Right Conditions
Maintaining the correct temperature and lighting is vital for the health of your chubby frog. These frogs thrive in a temperature range of 72-82F (22-28C). To achieve this, you can use a heat mat or a low-wattage heat lamp on one side of the enclosure. It's important to monitor the temperature regularly to ensure it remains within the appropriate range.
Proper lighting is also essential for chubby frogs. They require a day-night cycle, so it's recommended to provide 12 hours of light and 12 hours of darkness. You can use a UVB light to provide the necessary spectrum of light for their well-being. However, be cautious not to expose your frog to direct sunlight, as this can lead to overheating.
Feeding Your Chubby Frog: A Nutritious Diet
A well-balanced diet is crucial for the health and longevity of your chubby frog. In the wild, they primarily feed on insects, so it's important to replicate this diet in captivity. Offer a variety of small live insects such as crickets, mealworms, and flies. It's essential to provide appropriately sized prey that is no larger than the width of your frog's mouth.
To ensure your chubby frog receives the necessary nutrients, consider dusting the insects with a calcium supplement before feeding. This will help prevent any deficiencies and promote healthy bone development. Additionally, provide a shallow dish of dechlorinated water in the enclosure for your frog to soak and hydrate itself as needed.
Handling and Care: Ensuring a Stress-Free Environment
While chubby frogs are generally docile, it's important to minimize handling to reduce stress. These frogs have delicate skin, and excessive handling can lead to skin irritation or injury. If you do need to handle your frog, make sure your hands are clean and free of any chemicals or lotions that could be harmful.
Regular maintenance of the enclosure is essential for the well-being of your chubby frog. Clean the tank regularly, removing any waste or uneaten food to maintain a clean and hygienic environment. Monitor the humidity levels and adjust as needed to ensure the optimal conditions for your frog's health.
Health Concerns: Identifying and Addressing Issues
Like any pet, chubby frogs can experience health issues that require attention. It's essential to be observant and proactive in identifying any signs of illness. Common health concerns in chubby frogs include skin infections, respiratory issues, and parasites. If you notice any abnormalities, such as changes in behavior, appetite, or appearance, it's important to consult a veterinarian experienced in exotic pet care.
Regular check-ups with a veterinarian are recommended to ensure your chubby frog's ongoing health. These professionals can provide guidance on proper care, detect any underlying health conditions, and offer treatment if necessary.
In summary, maintaining a happy and healthy chubby frog requires creating a comfortable habitat, providing the right conditions in terms of temperature and lighting, offering a nutritious diet, minimizing handling, and addressing any health concerns promptly. By following these guidelines, you can ensure that your chubby frog thrives and brings joy to your life for years to come.
Key Takeaways: Chubby Frog Care
- Provide a spacious and properly maintained habitat for your chubby frog.
- Keep the temperature and humidity levels in the enclosure consistent.
- Feed your chubby frog a varied diet of insects and small invertebrates.
- Regularly clean the enclosure to maintain a clean and healthy living environment.
- Observe your chubby frog's behavior and health to address any potential issues early on.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the ideal habitat for a chubby frog?
A chubby frog requires a well-maintained and spacious habitat to thrive. The ideal enclosure for a chubby frog should have a minimum size of 10 gallons for a single frog, with an additional 5 gallons for each additional frog. The enclosure should be made of glass or plastic and have a secure lid to prevent escape.
Inside the habitat, provide a substrate of coconut fiber or sphagnum moss to mimic their natural environment. Include hiding spots such as caves or logs, as well as live or artificial plants for added enrichment. Maintain a temperature of 75-85F (24-29C) during the day and 65-75F (18-24C) at night.
What should I feed my chubby frog?
Chubby frogs are primarily insectivores and should be fed a diet of live insects. Suitable options include crickets, mealworms, waxworms, and small roaches. It is important to provide a variety of prey to ensure a balanced diet.
Dust the live insects with a calcium supplement before feeding them to your frog to ensure they receive adequate nutrition. Feed adult chubby frogs every 2-3 days, while juveniles should be fed daily. Remove any uneaten prey after 15-20 minutes to maintain cleanliness in the enclosure.
How often should I clean the chubby frog's enclosure?
Maintaining a clean environment is crucial for the health and well-being of your chubby frog. Spot clean the enclosure daily by removing any feces or uneaten prey. Every 1-2 weeks, do a thorough cleaning of the entire enclosure.
During the thorough cleaning, remove all substrate, clean the enclosure with a reptile-safe disinfectant, and rinse it thoroughly. Replace the substrate and any decorations, ensuring they are dry before reintroducing your frog. Regular cleaning helps prevent the buildup of bacteria and maintains a healthy environment.
How often should I handle my chubby frog?
Chubby frogs are not particularly fond of being handled and can become stressed if handled frequently. Limit handling to necessary situations, such as when transferring them to a temporary enclosure for cleaning.
When handling, ensure your hands are clean and moist to avoid removing the protective mucus on their skin. Support their body with both hands and avoid squeezing or gripping them tightly. Always wash your hands before and after handling your chubby frog to minimize the risk of transmitting any bacteria or pathogens.
What are some common health issues in chubby frogs?
Chubby frogs are generally hardy creatures but can still experience certain health issues. Some common health problems in chubby frogs include skin infections, respiratory infections, and parasitic infestations.
Signs of a health issue may include loss of appetite, lethargy, abnormal skin coloration, difficulty breathing, or visible parasites. If you notice any of these signs, it is important to consult a veterinarian who specializes in reptiles and amphibians for proper diagnosis and treatment.
Pros & Cons of Owning a Chubby Frog
Final Summary: How to Keep Your Chubby Frog Happy and Healthy
Maintaining the happiness and health of your chubby frog is crucial for their overall well-being. By following a few key care tips, you can ensure that your frog thrives in its environment. Firstly, providing a suitable habitat with proper lighting, temperature, and humidity levels is essential. This will create a comfortable living space for your frog to thrive in. Secondly, a balanced diet consisting of live insects and occasional fruits or vegetables will provide the necessary nutrients for optimal health. Lastly, regular monitoring of your chubby frog's behavior and appearance will help you identify any potential issues early on. By being attentive and proactive, you can address any concerns promptly and keep your frog happy and healthy for years to come.
In conclusion, caring for a chubby frog requires a combination of attention, knowledge, and love. By creating an ideal habitat, offering a nutritious diet, and staying vigilant, you can maintain the happiness and well-being of your frog. Remember, a happy and healthy chubby frog will bring joy to your life and serve as a fascinating addition to your home. So, embrace the responsibilities of being a frog owner and enjoy the rewarding experience of caring for these unique creatures.
